120×570mm NATO

120×570mm NATO tank ammunition (4.7 inch), also known as 120×570mmR, is a common, NATO-standard (STANAG 4385), tank gun semi-combustible cartridge used by 120mm smoothbore guns, superseding the earlier 105×617mmR cartridge used in NATO-standard rifled tank guns.

History

The 120×570 R cartridge was originally intended for the German Rh-120 smoothbore gun but an interoperability agreement signed between West Germany and France in April 1979, followed in September 1981 by a project to install the M256 120 mm smoothbore gun on future M1A1 Abrams tanks made it a NATO standard.

Characteristics

The 120×570mm are one-piece ammunition with semi-combustible cartridge cases. These incorporate a short, metallic stub case with an elastomeric sealing ring which allows the use of a normal sliding wedge type of breech and at the same time significantly reduces the weight of the rounds. Thus, a round of 120 mm Rheinmetall APFSDS ammunition has a mass of 19.8 kg, which is little more than the 18 kg mass of a typical 105 mm APFSDS round with the traditional metallic cartridge case.

Ammunition

Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS)

There are different ways to measure APFSDS penetration value. NATO uses the 50% (This means that 50% of the shell had to go through the plate), while the Soviet/Russian standard is higher (80% had to go through).

High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)

Close Combat

Guided munition

Target Practice Tracer (TP-T)

Notes on notation:

Table includes information on ballistically-matched combat ammunition for each practice round if possible.
TP-T stands for target practice, tracer. Some nations add a parenthetical to indicate the class of ammunition being emulated, e.g. TP-T (HEAT).
TPCSDS-T stands for target practice, cone stabilized, discarding sabot, with tracer. It is commonly used to match the ballistics of an APFSDS round.

Weapon platforms

Rh-120 L44 ( Germany), used on the Leopard 2 and Type 90 MBTs
- Rh-120 L55 ( Germany), used on later Leopard 2 variants including the Leopard 2E
- Rh-120 L55A1 ( Germany), foreseen for the Challenger 3
M256 ( United States), used on the M1 Abrams and M60-2000
- M256E1 ( United States)
XM360 ( United States)
- XM360E1 ( United States)
CN120-25 ( France), used on the AMX-32, AMX-40, and EE-T1 Osório
CN120-26 ( France), used on the Leclerc
120 FER ( France), tested on the VEXTRA POLE prototype
MG251 ( Israel), used on the Merkava III
MG251-LR ( Israel) used on the Merkava IV
MG253 ( Israel) used on the M60 Sabra
OTO Melara-Breda 120/44 ( Italy), used on the C1 Ariete
OTO Melara-Breda 120/45 ( Italy), used on the B2 Centauro
CTG ( Switzerland), used on the CV90120 and WPB Anders
CN03 ( South Korea), used on the K1A2
CN08 ( South Korea), used on the K2 Black Panther
MKE 120 mm tank gun ( Turkey), used on the Altay (main battle tank)
Type 10 ( Japan), used on the Type 10